Quarterly on Refugee Problems - AWR Bulletin
The Quarterly on Refugee Problems – AWR Bulletin (QRP) is the official journal of the Association for the Study of the World Refugee Problem (AWR) for the dissemination of findings on migration issues. It fosters the global, interdisciplinary discourse between academics and practitioners to provide theoretical and practical answers to questions related to forced or voluntary migration. QRP proudly looks back to publishing tradition dating back until 1954. Since 2022 the QRP is published as an open access, double-blind peer reviewed online journal in English language and hosted by the Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt (THWS). The regular due dates for the issues are March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year. Its predecessor was named “Integration” (1954-1962) and transferred into the “AWR Bulletin - Vierteljahresschrift für Flüchtlingsfragen/Revue triestrielle des problèmes des réfugiés/Quarterly on Refugee Problems/Rivista trimestrale sui problemi die rifugiati” (1963-2003 published by Wilhelm-Braumüller Verlagsbuchhandlung, Vienna; 2004-2012 published by Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin). 2013-2021 its publication was suspended. QRP is published online and open access and is licensed under the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)". It fulfills the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) definition of open access and is listed in the respective directory. ISSN: 2750-7882 (online, since 2022) | 0001-2947 (print, before 2022)
Association for the Study of the World Refugee Problem (AWR)
v. Harbou, F., & Weizsäcker E. (Eds.) (2025). Einwanderungsrecht (3rd ed.). Beck
Copyright (c) 2025 Quarterly on Refugee Problems - AWR Bulletin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Kluth, W., & Heusch, A. (2025). Ausländerrecht (3rd ed.). Beck
The Impact of the War in Gaza on Children’s Right to Education
This study examines the impact of the ongoing war in Gaza on children’s right to education and the role of social work in addressing these challenges. Drawing on a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with educators and social workers in Gaza and the West Bank, alongside document analysis of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and institutional reports, this study highlights the widespread destruction of educational infrastructure, forced displacement, and severe psychosocial distress among both children and professionals. Schools have been repurposed as shelters, repeatedly targeted in attacks, and have thus become unsuitable as safe learning environments. Educational needs extend beyond academic instruction to include trauma-informed interventions, psychosocial support, inclusive facilities, and curricula adapted to post-conflict realities. Social workers, often operating under life-threatening conditions, combine community-based initiatives with advocacy, integrating psychosocial care into emergency education and documenting rights violations. Yet these efforts are hindered by the blockade, limited resources, bombardments, repeated evacuation orders, and insufficient international solidarity, including global social work institutions. The study argues for decolonizing social work practice, centering Palestinian voices, and embedding education protection within humanitarian, legal, and political frameworks. Recommendations for social work include strengthening community-led responses, advocating for structural change to safeguard education as a fundamental right during and after conflict, and rethinking the role of social work as a human rights profession in the Gaza context.
The European Commission’s Proposed Revision of the Safe Third Country Concept
Emotional Labour in the Context of EU-Internal Immigration
In 1983, Arlie Hochschild introduced the theory of emotional labour, framing the management and regulation of emotion in professional settings as an additional form of labour. While her theory has been widely adopted within sociology, its application to immigrant experiences remains limited. This article – based on the master thesis ‘Emotional Labour Across Borders’ written within the program ‘International Migration and Ethnic Relations’ at Malmö University, Sweden – explores how immigration shapes workers’ perceptions and performances of emotional labour by focusing on the workplace experiences of immigrants from Southern EU countries (Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece) living in Sweden. Drawing on seven semi-structured interviews, which were analysed through Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA), the study examines how emotional labour is affected by cross-cultural transitions, workplace diversity, and structural inequalities related to gender and race. The findings suggest that while emotional labour remains a consistent part of service work, its perception and intensity are influenced by economic contrasts between home and host countries, the nature of collegial and managerial support, and intersecting experiences of marginalization. This research not only contributes to emotional labour theory by incorporating EU-internal immigrant perspectives but also opens avenues for further studies on integration and the emotional dynamics of migration more broadly.
This paper examines the encounter between so-called ‘locals’ and ‘migrants’ or individuals with a migration background through the two intellectual senses of perception: seeing and hearing. It argues that this encounter is predominantly structured by a regime of seeing, which is not neutral but deeply embedded in socio-historical power dynamics. This visual regime is characterized by objectification, fixation, and distancing – modes of perception that distort social interaction and reduce the ‘migrant’ to a visible marker of otherness. As a result, the migration background moves from a contextual detail to a defining feature of identity, a process called ‘migrantification’. In other words, the migration background becomes a foreground. To critically investigate this process, the paper employs a critical phenomenological approach, beginning with lived experience and moving beyond the classical Sartrean emphasis on the gaze. Instead, it reveals how the ‘migrant’ condition is shaped not only by being seen but by being seen in a particular way. Given the limitations of liberal discourses that aim merely to include ‘migrant’ voices, I propose an alternative orientation – one that centers the primacy of listening, or more precisely, hearkening. This auditory openness introduces a relational ethic, emphasizing receptivity, mutuality, and conceptual transformation in intercultural encounters.
Examining the Positive Association Between Self-Efficacy and Emotional Exhaustion
Burnout is a critical problem among refugee resettlement staff and volunteers. Their job entails emotionally demanding tasks, high caseloads, and exposure to traumatic client histories, resulting in emotional exhaustion, one of the most prominent dimensions of burnout. The current study examines how three psychological resources – hope, optimism, and resilience – mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion. Using data from an earlier dissertation, the study included 112 participants who worked or volunteered in refugee resettlement organizations within the United States. Emotional exhaustion was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), while psychological capital facets were measured with the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24). Moderation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro version 4.2 (Model 2) in SPSS. Contrary to common assumptions, higher self-efficacy was associated with higher emotional exhaustion. This correlation was moderated strongly by hope, however. Individuals with high hope levels were less emotionally exhausted even when their self-efficacy was high. Optimism and resilience were examined but found to have weaker or non-significant moderating effects than hope. These results contradict the assumption that self-efficacy is always beneficial and demonstrate that, in cases of high-stress work, such as refugee support work, self-efficacy can actually become a cause for burnout if individuals lack sufficient psychological resources to offset it. The study highlights the importance of building hope through purposeful support and interventions as a potential way to reduce burnout among humanitarian practitioners.
Crises Mechanism and Temporary Protection
The European Union has recently been confronted with a series of crises, with the war in Ukraine serving as a recent illustration of this pattern. The refugee crisis of 2015 and its subsequent years-long aftermath was followed by the health crisis caused by the pandemic of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The repercussions of the virus have also persisted for an extended duration, and the EU had only recently begun to recuperate from it when hostilities erupted in its immediate vicinity, leading to a refugee crisis on the scale of that witnessed in 2015. In response, the European Union utilized a crisis management instrument not previously employed during the 2015 refugee crisis: the provision of Temporary Protection (TP), which entails the issuance of residence permits for refugees fleeing Ukraine. The present study assesses the legal framework of the implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive and the dynamics that shape the protection offered by Hungary.
The ongoing Rohingya refugee crisis in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, has intensified due to declining humanitarian funding, affecting both refugees and host communities. Despite continued international support, severe economic and food insecurity challenges threaten social cohesion and regional stability. This study examines the impact of reduced humanitarian aid on the economic and food security of Rohingya refugees and host communities. It also explores aid dependency, labor market shifts, and coping strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining 106 surveys, five focus group discussions, and ten key informant interviews in Ukhiya and Teknaf Upazilas. The analysis was guided by a human security framework informed by Sen’s Capability Approach, Relative Deprivation Theory, and Burden-Sharing Theory. Reductions in humanitarian aid profoundly impacted economic security, resulting in wage declines from Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) 550 to BDT 300–350 and a contraction in employment opportunities. Host communities have faced intensified competition, and aid dependency has grown among refugees. Simultaneously, food security deteriorated due to cuts in monthly food rations in 2023, before being restored in 2024. These reductions constrained access to adequate food and reduced dietary diversity, with 72% of Rohingya households falling below the minimum food expenditure level, contributing to a Global Acute Malnutrition rate of 15.1%, the highest since 2017. Both communities resorted to harmful coping mechanisms, such as borrowing and reducing meals. Additionally, psychological stress among refugees, linked to loss of dignity, has been reported despite ongoing aid. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustained humanitarian funding, inclusive livelihood programs, and policy adaptation to promote resilience and equity. This study provides insights into dual vulnerability patterns and the psychosocial toll of protracted crises, offering guidance for more sustainable and inclusive humanitarian responses.
Triggering Irregular Migration in the Name of Combating It
The outbreak of full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022 initiated a long-term and unprecedented exodus of Ukrainian citizens. By the end of 2002, 3.8 million Ukrainians had crossed the border into Poland, and some 1.4 million Ukrainian refugees were staying in Poland. In our report, we briefly present the main legislative efforts made by the Polish authorities to regulate the legal status of incoming Ukrainians fleeing their country. We also identify the main obstacles and challenges faced by the Polish government and society in connection with the social integration of Ukrainians in Poland. From today’s perspective, it is clear that there were several shortcomings in the humanitarian response and assistance, which weakened the social anchorage of Ukrainians and explain why only 30% of Ukrainian IDPs who found refuge in Poland chose to stay.
Safe Third Countries and Safe Countries of Origin
The concepts of safe third country and safe country of origin are widely used by the Member States of the European Union to limit their obligations towards refugees under international law. Greece has designated Türkiye, Albania and North Macedonia as safe third countries and has designated sixteen countries as safe countries of origin. This article examines the safety assessment regarding third countries and countries of origin and their application in the Greek asylum system. It is based on international and European law, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights paired with desktop research on human rights situations in the designated safe countries. It further explores the implications of these mechanisms for refugee protection. The study raises concerns about the access to a fair and effective asylum procedure and most importantly about the respect of the principle of non-refoulement. Many are left in limbo, neither receiving protection in Greece nor being effectively readmitted to the designated safe third country. Many are forced to return to countries designated as safe, possibly without protection and in fear of persecution/re-persecution and ill-treatment upon return. This situation places the former in a precarious legal and social position, undermining fundamental rights such as access to asylum, healthcare, housing and employment. The latter are also placed in a position that could entail serious consequences for their rights and a real and concrete risk of treatment in violation of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the international human rights instruments.
Woes and Challenges of the U.S. Resettlement Program
The United States has welcomed 117,000 Afghans and approximately 270,000 Ukrainians since the early 2020s. Comparing the Afghans’ resettlement program Operation Allies Welcome, and the program in support of Ukrainians’ settlement United for Ukraine, the author focuses on the recent history of refugee resettlement policy in the U.S. During the Trump administration (2016-2020) the federal resettlement program was largely dismantled. The Biden administration (2021-2025) infused the program with cash and increased the refugee ceiling from initially 15,000 to 125,000 annually but also emphasized a strong preference for private sponsorship programs. In this time period, immigrants became a signifier for what is wrong with the country and especially with the U.S. federal government. Applying Arlie Hochschild’s framework to the broader public deciphers the deeper meaning behind the rising wave of xenophobia in the country. The swelling anti-immigrant sentiments, in connection with an increasing NGO-ization and dramatic privatization of refugee resettlement, has led to a racialized preference embedded in the U.S. immigration system that favored Ukrainians over Afghans. This article’s methodology is based on a critical analysis comparing the Biden and Trump administrations’ refugee and asylum policies. The article itself stresses the existing racial hierarchies as evidenced in U.S. refugee resettlement policies and concludes with a number of recommendations for reforms.
This article examines the multifaceted impact of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) on the European Union (EU) labor market following the displacement of beneficiaries of temporary protection (BTPs) due to the 2022 Russian full-scale war against Ukraine. It analyzes how the TPD has facilitated labor market access for BTPs while also highlighting critical challenges, including underemployment, labor exploitation, and the need for further efforts to ensure consistent and equitable access to employment opportunities across all EU Member States. The analysis explores key factors influencing BTPs’ labor market integration, such as their skills, qualifications, and the crucial need for effective recognition of professional qualifications across the EU. The article emphasizes the importance of a long-term vision for the integration of BTPs. It advocates for a transition towards more durable, and predictable legal statuses beyond the temporary protection framework, addressing the limitations of the current EU framework. Furthermore, the article examines the evolving situation in Ukraine and discusses the future of temporary protection, by considering the need for flexible and responsive policies that address the changing needs of BTPs. Finally, the paper acknowledges the crucial role of Ukrainian BTPs in Ukraine’s post-war recovery and emphasizes the importance of creating conditions that facilitate safe, voluntary, and dignified returns for those who choose to return to their homeland.
Humanitarian Response and Dynamics of Community Security
This study evaluated the humanitarian response and community security circumstances of Rohingya refugees and host communities in Ukhiya and Teknaf, Bangladesh. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative surveys with purposive sampling, along with qualitative approaches, such as focus group discussions and key informant interviews, this study examines assistance distribution dynamics, security issues, environmental degradation, and cultural friction in the region. The objectives were to examine the differing perceptions of aid distribution between refugees and host communities, analyze the situation of crime and gender-based violence, and evaluate the impact of economic strain and resource competitiveness on community security. Key findings demonstrate that while refugees often perceive minimum support, host populations feel excluded and suffer heightened insecurity. The study also identified increasing petty crime, rising incidences of gender-based violence, and environmental challenges such as deforestation, all of which lead to social stress and decreasing community trust. These implications call for a holistic and sustainable approach that ensures fair resource allocation, stronger security measures, and attempts to create social cohesion between refugee and host populations. Although this study relied on purposive sampling and selected participants, these insights provide evidence-based directions for policymakers and humanitarian groups to design more effective solutions to the complex issues faced by the Rohingya refugee crisis and its impact on community security in Cox’s Bazar.
This research aims to illuminate the resilience and adaptability of a community that has long been confronted with obstacles and to contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamism of Palestinian refugees to preserve and promote their cultural heritage, especially dialect within the complicated tapestry of the Lebanese society. The researcher used the ethnographic method, building theoretically on Berry's acculturation theory, to investigate this issue despite 75 years of displacement. This theory identifies four strategies: assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization. Despite the legal restrictions and social exclusion, poverty, and restricted access to education, health, and employment, Palestinians show perseverance in their language identity, as exemplified by the separation and marginalization aspects described by Berry.
Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation
This article discusses ‘Operation Welcome’, a Brazilian government initiative to receive Venezuelan migrants and refugees, which has been managing emergency humanitarian assistance on the border between Brazil and Venezuela since 2018. The study seeks to analyse the dynamics of the reception of Venezuelan migrants through humanitarian assistance, drawing on the theoretical and methodological approach of anthropology on the border. The militarization of humanitarian action emerges as a hybrid perspective of migration control that is shared with NGOs and international agencies working on Operation Welcome in the context of the border analysed. The text suggests that Operation Welcome, by adopting interoperability as a framework for the actions of its actors, favoured the conditioning of the use of force by the State to the principle of social protection, shedding light on the creation of reception systems that are governed by the principle of guarantee and recognition of rights.
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In principle, the U.S. humanitarian parole system is well-positioned to expeditiously provide equal protection and assistance to vulnerable Afghans, Ukrainians, and others fleeing humanitarian emergencies. For example, in 2021 the Taliban seized control of Afghanistan in the wake of the U.S. military withdrawal from the country and just six months later, in 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. Both events led to the type of massive displacement crises that humanitarian parole was theoretically created to address, with thousands of Afghans and Ukrainians seeking urgent refuge in the U.S. However, as evidenced by the robust Uniting for Ukraine (U4U) program and the relatively fragile Operation Allies Welcome (OAW) initiative for Afghans, there are clear inequities in the accessibility and provision of U.S. humanitarian parole benefits. How do recently arrived migrants differentially experience the humanitarian parole program in the U.S., and what may explain some of the variations in their experiences with humanitarian parole? To answer these questions, this article draws on an analysis of humanitarian parole policies as well as data from structured interviews with 160 migrants who recently arrived in the greater Washington, D.C. metropolitan area from a humanitarian crisis-affected country. From this sample, the authors focus on the experiences of 10 migrants in order to better understand the U.S. humanitarian parole program. Based on an analysis of all these data, we argue that one of the primary functions of the U.S. humanitarian parole system is to serve as an internal migration control that meets U.S. national security interests. This article adopts a critical security studies lens to uniquely highlight the disparate impacts this selective humanitarianism has on the experiences of different migrant groups living in the U.S., before concluding that the realization of true, uniformly applied, humanitarianism may be even further away as the second Trump administration takes aim at existing humanitarian parole programs.
The “Long, Difficult, Terrifying, and Very Dangerous Road”
Refugees are forced to flee their homes due to well-founded fear of persecution, war or conflict, or other threats to their lives. As established in International Human Rights Law, refugees are not allowed to be deported under the principle of non-refoulement. To overcome such hardships, many refugees display resilience—the ability to overcome significant adversity—that may be fostered internally, but often may depend on other external factors. Little research has been conducted on the capacity for refugee women to be resilient and the factors that contribute to that resilience. In this qualitative study, 10 refugees from three different countries (Afghanistan, Syria, and the Ivory Coast) were interviewed in southern Germany to gain a deeper understanding of the factors the women believed to contribute to their resilience. Three overarching themes, all with multiple sub-themes, emerged: 1) a difficult departure and journey was worth the risk, 2) despite the challenges, help came, and 3) finding strength to endure. Women drew strength from their children, and from their desire for a better future. In the end, much of the strength they cultivated came from a deep resolve to hold onto hope. Further research could explore the ability of women refugees to be resilient in countries that are less welcoming.
The following presents three methodologically identical original studies on the social work response to the global refugee crisis in Germany, Lebanon, and Greece between 2016 and 2023. It reveals key patterns and important insights into refugees' greatest needs, the essential skills and knowledge social workers developed to support refugees, imperatives for self-care and coping strategies for social workers, and recommendations for optimal continuing education and training. Methodologically, this article synthesizes findings from three original research projects through a narrative literature review, that incorporates additional evidence-based literature. Key findings can be summarized as such: Participants show a strong preference for practical learning. It is noted that they often become overwhelmed by the scale of needs, and by real-time challenges related to health, mental health, systems, laws, and cultural differences, for which they feel unprepared. Although they recognize the importance of continuing education and training, finding the time and resources to improve in these areas is extremely challenging. Due to the work’s intensity, personal coping capacities are often stretched beyond their limits, leaving them with inadequate coping strategies and resources. Nonetheless, many participants describe effective personal coping methods that could benefit others in similar roles. As for conclusions and implications, these findings underscore the need for social work educators to address the urgent demands faced by social workers in the global refugee crisis, where many lives are at stake. Educators must equip future social workers with critical skills, knowledge for refugee practice, and guide the development of relevant content areas for ongoing education and training.
Regular versus Irregular Migration: Does the Humanitarian Pathway Differ?
In the refugee and migration context, researchers are keen to approach variables that regularly link irregular, political to economic, and original citizenship to asylum seekers. These variables affect people’s attitudes towards refugees at individual and governmental levels. This study investigates the humanitarian pathway as an essential track to differentiate migration trajectories in Europe by examining two separate cases: a Syrian man who lived in Lebanon and regularly resettled from Lebanon to Italy supported by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and a homosexual young Lebanese man who left Lebanon for Belgium through irregular routes, more specifically, the death boat way which refers to the maritime dangerous and tragic route taken by migrants, refugees, or travelers who attempt to cross risky seas in unsafe or overcrowded boats, often leading to fatal consequences, noting that Central Mediterranean is the deadliest known migration route in the world, with more than 17,300 deaths and disappearances recorded since 2014 (Black, 2021). Based on the researchers’ practice work, both agreed to conduct interviews. The Syrian refugee was recruited through his involvement in an integration project of an NGO that provides educational support for Syrian refugee children and facilitates their integration into the host community in Lebanon. The second participant, a Lebanese man, was recruited through one researcher’s work in the field of prostitution. The research aims to reveal the differences between the two cases' regular and irregular human rights-based treatment. The qualitative narrative analysis method was employed to collect data on the official governmental attitudes of Italy and Belgium, as well as the detailed processes and procedures individuals undergo before obtaining citizenship in a European country. Four essential themes emerged from the research: intrapersonal, cultural/social, financial, and political factors. The four key themes of the participants’ stories differ regarding regular and irregular immigration. Despite the differences in their first reception phase process in which the irregular refugee man suffered and needed to overcome the initial reception complications, both refugees were found to have received equal opportunities for citizenship and protection, regardless of their migration path after arriving in the destination countries.
Jordan is one of the countries most affected by the Syrian crisis, as it hosts the second-highest percentage of refugees per capita globally. In the aftermath of the Syrian crisis, 1.3 million refugees arrived in Jordan, but only about 740,000 are officially registered with the UNHCR. Since the beginning of the Syrian crisis, new refugee camps have been established to house the people who have fled. In the twelfth year of the crisis, many still live far from their homes, and in these camps initially established as emergency shelters. Za'atari is the largest and best-known of the northern Jordanian camps near the Syrian border. Since its establishment in 2012, Za'atari camp has become a symbol of the displacement of Syrians throughout the Middle East and now houses around 82,500 people. As part of a qualitative study, we interviewed 30 families who have lived in Za’atari camp for over ten years. It was to find out what life is like for them today, what each individual’s vision of the future is, and what their ideas are for making these visions a reality within their families. Among the families were also couples who have opted for a polygamous way of life. The family of Ali Aymar with his two wives Lina and Reem is one such case. This article is about reconstructing the life story of this family in its familial contexts. In a polygamous constellation, in which not only two, but three families of origin are interconnected, more complex questions or problems arise that affect everyday survival in a camp situation. The Aymar family is not an isolated case, neither within the camp nor outside. Karasapan (2017) assumes that polygamy has increased both within Syria and among displaced populations. The case shows how essential it is to have background knowledge of the complexity of such polygamous constellations during counseling sessions in the camps. Only in this way can a joint search for feasible options take place during the mediation process when diverging ideas arise, so that the future aspirations of the individuals do not become unrealistic dreams.
Social Work with Refugees in Germany – Already Established or in Tatters?
Social work with refugees is not an entirely new field of activity. It has experienced an enormous expansion since 2015/2016 due to culminating refugee dynamics, and it has developed from a marginal, largely unnoticed niche existence to a visible and indispensable field of work in immigration societies, such as Germany. In Saxony, a German federal state, the field has become increasingly professionalized due to corresponding governmental guidelines and funding, lobbying by welfare organisations, and scientific monitoring. Through three standardized Saxony-wide online surveys of professionals (2017, 2020 and 2023), the project “Scientific Monitoring of Social Work with Refugees in Saxony”, based at the UAS for Social Work, Education and Nursing Dresden between 2016-2023, has attempted to empirically measure and describe the field of action. Central topics were the tasks of social work with refugees, the working conditions, and cooperations. Of nearly 250 professionals across Saxony, around 60% commented on the respective topics of employment relationship, target groups, working and general conditions (including staffing ratios, racism, accommodation situation, language mediation), tasks, networking and cooperation, standards and standardization. This article presents and discusses results. In the 2023 survey “General social assistance and advice”, “Cooperation and networking”, and “Support with visits to authorities” are the most frequent regular tasks and can be described as the core of social work with refugees. 42% of social workers work on the basis of professional standards. Regarding subsidiarity, a slight increase in those employed by public providers and a significant increase in those employed by private providers since 2020 is to be noted. The proportion of permanent employment rose from 31% (2017) to 38% (2020) and again to 56% (2023). The frequently demanded staffing ratios of 1:50 or 1:80 are only achieved in exceptional cases. We recommend regular funding, the definition of qualitative professional standards, minimum staffing ratio of 1:60, as well as fixed staff. Furthermore, we recommend establishing modular in-service training programmes to ensure the quality of counselling, strengthen multi-professional teams and recognise the long-standing commitment of career changers. Beyond that, the principle of subsidiarity for refugee and migration social work has to be established legally.
Recent Jurisdiction Relevant for the Contexts of Migration and Displacement
This compilation of case law samples, summarizes and refers to recent jurisdiction of international relevance for the application of legal standards in the field of refugee and complementary protection.
The migration debate has become even more heated since the admission of refugees from Ukraine and the simultaneous general humanitarian and irregular migration pressure. It impacts national and European discourses as well as election results, government constellations and policies. In Germany, a dispute has arisen over the implementation of rejection of asylum seekers at internal borders. This has the potential to indirectly jeopardise the Common European Asylum System as well as the Schengen freedom of movement in Europe as a whole and eventually the European project itself. The following article aims to familiarise a European and international readership with the explosive force of this debate.
Confronting the Nexus of Climate Change, Migration, and Global Health Crises
Social Welfare Benefits to Asylum Seekers
Asylum seekers and other foreigners whitout permanent right of residence in the Federal Republic of Germany do not receive social welfare benefits in accordance with the Code of Social Law but in accordance with a special regulation called Asylum Seekers’ Benefits Act (Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz). This leads to procedural disadvantages.
The Extraterritorial Protection of Migrants’ Human Rights
This article stems from the approval of the law ratifying the Protocol between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Albania, which took place on February 21, 2024. The contribution aims to analyse the delicate issue of the extraterritorial application of rights enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights in the implementation of the Protocol. This presents multiple challenges. Foremost among them is the absence of a clear and defined regulatory framework, which raises concerns about potential derogations from fundamental rights and guarantees. The extension of Italian jurisdiction ensures that the activities envisaged by the Protocol are subject to compliance with international humanitarian and human rights law. The analysis of the Protocol is carried out through an integrated reading with Art. 25 of the Visa Code, which provides for the issuance of humanitarian visas. Unlike the Protocol, the issuance of humanitarian visas by EU Countries is limited by jurisdictional issues, although it is capable of ensuring effective protection of the fundamental rights of migrants. Thus, the article aims to critically explore possible perspectives for migration policies that ensure safe and regular access to the EU and to examine requests for international protection on the territory of a third State.